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Chronology of change (mutations) of GF All
morphological changes from the wild type are the result of genetic mutations which man has
spotted and favoured by selective line breeding to perpetuate them according to his fancy,
although there is a strong tendency to revert to wild type. Human husbandry of this
species has unlocked its huge genetic potential, but it has taken a tremendous amount of
effort to select and stabilize desirable gene combinations, as can be appreciated from the
1700-year chronology given below:
- Chun d. (265-419) gold colouration first recorded (d. = dynasty)
- Tang d. (618-907) goldfish raised in captivity (in ponds) in Buddhist
monasteries; common goldfish probably established
- Nan Song d. (1127-1279) goldfish raised in domestic ponds; white and
red-and-white colouration developed
- Ming d. (1368-1644) goldfish raised in bowls indoors as pets, enabling selection
for mutations that would not have survived (or been observed) in ponds; double tail and
anal fins, dorsal-less condition and short body evolved, eggfish developed
- 1590 red cap
- 1592 globe eye
- 1596 matt scales and calico colouration; keeping of fancy goldfish, once the
preserve of the aristocracy, now widespread.
- 1603 goldfish first exported to Japan
- 1611 goldfish first exported to Europe (Portugal)
- Ching d. (1644-1911) bronze and blue colouration
- 1728 goldfish first bred in Europe (Holland)
- 1870 celestial
- 1874 goldfish first exported to America
- 1893 oranda/tigerhead
- 1900 pompon and pearlscale; shubunkin colouration developed in Japan
- 1908 bubble eye
- 1911 curled operculum early 1900s comet and veiltail
- 1934 Bristol shubunkin standard promulgated http://www.bristol-aquarists.org.uk/goldfish/info/info.htm
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